Tehran’s closest ally has fallen in Syria, leaving Iran without its main foothold in the Arab world.

The fall of the Assad regime marks a pivotal moment in Syria’s history, bringing power struggles, regional realignments, and the immense challenge of rebuilding a deeply fractured nation.

The fall of Damascus represents a remarkable shift in Eurasian geopolitics, with an ascendant Türkiye putting an abrupt end to a Russian regional project that took decades and hundreds of billions to realize.

The geopolitical context of 2011 is starkly different from that of today, perhaps leading to a desire on the part of some players to revisit the outcome of the Syrian civil war.

The Syrian civil war has suddenly become unfrozen, and the Assad regime is not ready to resume the fight.

The shifting geopolitics of the Ukraine war have helped to resurrect President Erdogan’s longstanding plan of establishing a sprawling ‘safe zone’ along the border in Syria.

An accounting must be made of war crimes committed during the Syrian occupation of Lebanon, including missing activists, before any post-war normalization can occur.

First in a two-part series, this backgrounder traces the origins and earliest deployments of Russia’s infamous mercenary outfit: the Wagner Group.

Signals abound that Turkey is preparing to launch another military operation in Syria, potentially with the objective of linking its two enclaves in the country.

The ‘Eastern Question’ has re-emerged to haunt EU policymakers, and a proper answer requires a true understanding of region’s historical specificities.