Joshua Bernard Espeña & Alynna Carlos

Joshua Bernard Espeña is a resident fellow at the Manila-based think tank International Development and Security Cooperation (IDSC). He is also a lecturer of international relations at the Polytechnic University of the Philippines. He is the co-author of "The Rise of Philippinedization: Philippinedization is not Finlandization" (2021). Alynna Carlos is a Program Manager of the Stratbase ADR Institute in Manila. Her work mainly focuses on defense and security research and advocacy in the Indo-Pacific, particularly maritime security cooperation in the West Philippine Sea.